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Lyme Disease GlossaryLyme Disease InfoAntibiotic prophylaxis - Antibiotics administered before an infection is detected as a preventative measure. Antibody - Protein produced by the immune system to neutralize infection. Antigen - Toxins, bacteria, etc. that trigger an immune system response and the production of antibodies. Bell's palsy - Facial paralysis or weakness caused by swelling of nerve that controls the facial muscles. Untreated Lyme disease sometimes causes Bell's palsy. Black-legged tick - The deer tick carries the bacteria causing Lyme disease and its bite can infect the host. Also known as the deer tick. Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) - The spirochete bacteria that causes Lyme disease. Congenital Lyme disease - Infection transferred from mother to fetus. Not usually harmful or long-term if the mother is treated during the pregnancy. Chronic Lyme disease - The term applied to the persistence of symptoms long after treatment which is sometimes believed to be caused by reoccurring infection. Deer tick - The deer tick carries the bacteria causing Lyme disease and its bite can infect the host. This is also known as the black-legged tick. Disseminated - Scattered or distributed throughout the body. Untreated Lyme disease will disseminate. Erythema migrans (EM) - A red expanding skin rash that may resemble a bull's eye and is one of the first signs of Lyme disease in about 75% of patients. Ixodes ticks - Only ticks of this genus may carry Lyme disease. Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are two species in this genus. Lyme, Connecticut - The city after which Lyme disease is named. It was here that Lyme disease was first recognized as being caused by single bacteria. LYMErix - A vaccine approved by the US FDA in 1998 and proved effective in clinical trials. It has not been in production since 2002. Meningitis - An infection of the tissues and fluids surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Advanced Lyme disease can sometimes cause this. Oral antibiotics - Typical treatment for most cases of Lyme disease, including amoxicillin, doxycycline, and cefuroxime axetil. Parenteral antibiotics - Sometimes used in advanced cases of Lyme disease, these antibiotics are administered intravenously and intramuscularly. Intramuscular antibiotics however are not used for Lyme disease. E.g. ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, penicillin. Post Lyme disease - Another term applied to the persistence of symptoms long after treatment, but used by those who believe no reoccurring infection exists. Serology - Simply, testing blood for diseases. Typical serological tests for Lyme disease include ELISA, IFA, and Western blot tests. Spirochete - A spiral-shaped bacterium. Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, are spirochetes. Vector - The formal name for an animal carrier that transfers an infectious organism from one host to another. In the case of Lyme disease, it is the deer tick or black-legged tick. Zoonosis - Any animal disease that can naturally be transmitted to humans, e.g. Lyme disease. Filed under: Lyme Disease Glossary |
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